¡¡ We
can see that in history, the trade in Hunan is flourishing, and
it takes an important role in Chinese economy. Many places are famous in the
country, such as the rice center of Changsha, the cloth center of Xiangtan,
and the aquatic product trade in Yueyang, Yiyang and Changde. But before the
founding of China, because of the invading of imperialism and the corrupt
and incompetent of the government at that time, shops were bankrupt, the market
was desolate, the price was shot up and people had no means of livelihood.
After the founding of People¡¯s Republic of China, the government published
the protective and developing policy for industry, and the business management
organs are set from center to local places. The supplying cooperative in the
village is also set up. The business in Hunan renews and develops rapidly,
and the market is flourishing with the steady price. The purchasing power
is increasing day by day. However, because the imperialism blocks the new
China and because the big mistake we made in our work, the development of
productive forces can¡¯t catch up with the development of situation. The products
are not plenty enough. Because of the rapid increasing of population, the
daily necessity can¡¯t meet the people¡¯s need. So the fixed quantity of supplying
had to be carried out, and different kinds of notes followed to appear in
order to meet the daily necessity for all the people.
¡¡¡¡After the open and reform policy in 1978,
on the basis of developing produce, the Party and the government takes many
policies to quick the reform on business. For example, developing group and
individual business and all kinds of economical connection; changing the exclusive
situation of nation run business. At the same time, renew the people run group
business enterprises, which is changed to national supplying center in village
and promote the contest in the market. Open the business between urban and
rural area, and enlarge the purchasing and supplying policy of commodity.
Apart from little number of products which are concerned with the national
economy and the people¡¯s livelihood are purchased by direction, others¡¯ developing
direction and aim for produce and circulation is suit the need of the market.
Change the administrative companies to economical entities. Transfer the management
power to lower level and give full play to the central cities with their function
for organizing business. Put the business enterprises into management by means
of contract and rent, and separate the owning right and managing right. Make
clear of the managers¡¯ responsibility, power, and benefit. Make full play
and transfer the managers¡¯ enthusiasm. Develop crosswise connection, and make
opening up management. Broke the old system of slice cut and local block,
and promote the business circulation of producing, supplying and purchasing.
Through steadily reform, it forms commodity circulation system with opening,
co-existing of multi-economy, circulating in many ways and multi-method of
management. The total volume of social retail of is increasing and increasing.
In 1999, it is up to 12,921,000,000 Yuan. It increases 20 times than that
of 1978. The goods, which were sold by plan or notes, are plenty now, and
the notes have become the collection. According to the statistic, by the end
of 1998, the rate of total retail volume in the national economy in the province
is 19.08%, and the group economy is 12.71%. The individual is 46.98%, and
other economy is 21.23%. Obviously, the business industry in Hunan has formed
a new situation with co-existence of multi-economy.
¡¡¡¡ The market of the town and city is
flourishing and opening. It forms modernized trading streets, retail shops
and special goods shops through building, rebuilding and extending. It appears
many large and middle scale comprehensive and special goods markets, town
and city business market, and border trade markets. The second-hand markets
and auction markets are gradually developed. House service, shopping on TV
and the trade on net has become the new consumer fashion. Foreign investment
and the investment from HongKong and Macau enter the circulation field in
Hunan, for example, the Pinghetang Shopping Tower that is cooperated with
Japanese investor. The building area of it is 113000m?. After opening, it
is run flourishingly and has become the center of business of Changsha.
¡¡¡¡Recently, the further reforms are being
carried on in the national run business enterprises in Hunan, and the stock
limited company, limited reliability company, stock cooperation system are
praised generally. Some of them are carried on annex and cooperation. Some
which is carried on national owned with people run, rent management and the
management style is developed to chain management, management for acting for
agent and the management for completing the whole set and sending. By the
end of 1998, the total retail volume for the nation run business is 3,341,600,000
Yuan. There are 29 enterprises which selling volume is over 100,000,000Yuan,
and there are 3 enterprises, which go into the national a hundred strong enterprises.
5 of the enterprises have been on the stock market.
¡¡¡¡Especially for the basic necessities
such as grain, cotton, oil and vegetable and so on, are guaranteed by the
government. The rice supply is in the charge of the president of the province,
and the vegetable basket is in the charge of the majors of the cities. It
also forms and perfects the grain storing fund, non-stable risk fund, price
adjustment fund and the system for storing the grain and non-stable food.
In order to guarantee the living standard, the government and related department
carried on series of activities such as run the business in good way, supply
high grade of service, and they hold the activities of ¡°the responsible for
quality going first¡±, ¡°no false goods in the shops¡±, and ¡° famous goods in
famous shops¡±. That makes the consumers feel happy and relieved.