The scale of import and export is enlarged
　　 Hunan is always called “the land of fish and rice” and “ the land of nonferrous metal”. The foreign trade develops depend on the rich resources. After 1980’s, the foreign trade in Hunan changed from allocating exported to self-run exported, and got into a flourishing period. The total import and export value increases 19.6 times in 1997 than that of 1978, and it increases 17.3% annually which is over the speed of 11% every year for 28 years before the reform policy.
The major of the foreign trade increases and four aspects develop together
　　 From 1992, the reform of the system for foreign quickens. The situation of the exclusive professional foreign trade company is broken, and it forms a new system of together development for professional foreign trade enterprises, producing enterprises, and the enterprises which investment is form three directions. In 1998, there are 467 enterprises with the right of import and export in the province, and it increases 460 enterprises than that in 1978. There are 59 province level foreign trade enterprises which takes 12.63% of the total, 283 producing enterprises which takes 60.6%, and 107 county or region level enterprises which takes 22.91%.
The structure of imported and exported goods is perfecting
　　Since the reform policy, the structure of exported goods is perfecting in Hunan. The proportion of industry finished products is increasing. In 1997, the proportion of the industry finished products on the total exported products is 87.33%, and it increases 60.33 percentage points than that in 1978, 13.9 percentage points in 1991. The value of exported machinery and electricity products is 119,000,000USD which takes 14.56% of the total volume of the exported goods, and it increases 13.98 and 0.14 percentage points than that in 1978 and 1991. The large number of key exported goods is increasing. In 1997, there are 81 products with the volume over 5,000,000USD, and they can create foreign charge with 1,998,000,000 USD, which takes 85.78% of the total volume. The key goods with the exported volume over 10,000,000USD increases form 2 kinds of 1,045,080,000USD in 1978 to 47 kinds of 1,858,000,000USD, and the volume of creating foreign charge increases 37 times. The propitiation increases from 34.25% to 57.49%. In 1997, 12 large sum key exported goods are: non-ferrous metal (547,000,000USD), clothes (216,990,000USD), textile (200,200,000USD), raw material of chemical industry (12,4820,000USD), box, shoes and hats (101,,720,000USD), ferrous metal (96,880,000USD), telecommunication facilities (89,740,000USD), and pottery (81,790,000USD). The total volume for the export is 1,730,000,000USD, and it takes 74.3% of the total exported volume of the province. The export for the high quality goods, special goods and new goods is increasing. By the end of 1997, there are 92 Hunan brands registered abroad. 18 famous brands have good reputation in the international market, such as hard alloy of “Diamond” brand, firework of “Hongdeng” brand, tea of “Houwang” brand and so on.
　　　 According to the structure of the imported goods, the volume for primary level imported good is 250,000,000USD which takes 26.19% of the total, 704,000,000USD of industry finished products which takes 73.81% of the total. According to the quality of the products, there are 790,000,000USD for producing material, which takes 82.6%, 164,000,000USD for living material, which takes 17.2%. There are 22 kinds of imported products over 10,000,000 USD, and 15 kinds of products between 5,000,000 to 10,000,000 USD.
The structure of the imported and exported goods tends to in all direction
　　 In 1997, there are 142 countries (regions) have direct trade relationship with Hunan, and it increases 55 than that in 1978. HongKong, the European Economic Community,6 countries of ASEAN , USA, Japan, the Commonwealth of Indipendent States and Eastern Europe become the six large exported markets of Hunan. The exported volume to HongKong is 773,000,000USD which takes 33.2%, 289,000,000USD to the European Economic Community which takes 12.4%, 278,000,000USD to the six countries of ASEAN which takes 11.9%, 278,000,000USD to USA which takes 11.9%, 209,000,000USD to Japan which takes 9% and 40,000,000USD to the Commonwealth of Indipendent States and Eastern Europe which takes 1.7%. The exported volume to the six large markets is 1,868,000,000USD, which takes 80.2% of the total exported volume of the province. Because the carrying on of the all-direction policy, they enlarge the development the markets in Africa, Middle east and South Africa, and the export of these market is increasing. In 1997, the volume to Africa is 45,830,000USD, 59,810,000USD to middle east, and 31,300,000USD to South Africa.
The flourishing development for using foreign investment
　　 After the carrying on of the external opening policy, the usage of the foreign investment is increasing by year. In 1983, the direct usage of foreign investment began from zero. The adding up volume of the using foreign investment is 72,420,000USD in 1990 with 7,940,000USD every year. In 1991, the provincial government released the principle of encouraging the foreign traders to invest, and set the provincial foreign charge bureau. The increasing scale of the foreign investment in increasing. From 1991 to 1992, the adding up volume of foreign charge is 151,250,000USD, and it is over 2 times of that in the last 8 years. In 1993, the bureau for attracting foreign investment is founded. In 1995, the direct foreign investment gets to a new step of fast development. In 1993, 433,000,000 USD foreign charges are attracted in the whole year, and it is 2 times of that of last 10 years. From 1993 to 1997, the adding up volume of foreign charge is 2,866,000,000 USD, and it is 93% of the total adding up volume.
　　 In recent years, especially after 1993, three investment enterprises develop very fast, and form the basic structure. Form 1993 to 1997, there are adding up 3516 foreign investments are approved with 4,383,000,000USD-contract capital, and 2,866,000,000 USD are used in realistic. They are 3.4 times, 6.6 times and 16.2 times of that in the five years before 1993. In 1997, the total volume of three investment enterprises is 18,000,000,000 yuan, and makes foreign charge 398,000,000USD by export. They are 3.2 times and 4 times of those in 1993. The proportion of using foreign charge in the foreign invested enterprise is increasing in the country. It was 0.65% before 1992, 1.6% of 1993, 1.7% of 1996, and it reached 2% in 1997. The propitiation of it in the middle and western part of China is also increasing. It is 7.4% before 1992, 12.8% in 1993, and 14.2% in 1996 and reaches 18.8% in 1997. The position of the absolute using of foreign charge directly in the country: it takes 15th position before 1992, and gets to 12th in 1996. In 1997, it gets to the first in the position of 18 provinces in the middle and western of China.
The external technology trade develops fast
　　　From 1979 to 1997, there are 1078 exported technology in the province with the methods of technology permit, service for technology consulting, produce cooperatively, and import whole set of machine or key part of them. The total value of the contract is 1,712,000,000USD. There are 15 countries and regions which are the main country for import technology and exported machine, they are: Japan, USA, German, Italy, British, HongKong, France, Denmark, Sweden, Switerland, Belgium, Finland, New Zealand, Canada, and Australia. The industries cover cigarette and tobacco, petrol and chemical, machinery, telecommunication, electron and so on. They make contribution to the development of high-tech and the industrial structure in Hunan. In 1997, there are 90 imported contracts are signed for the technology with the contract value of 227,000,000 USD. It increases 5.31 times to the 36,000,000USD in 1991. The imported programs cover 3 for telecommunication with 48,380,000USD, 11 for transportation with 32,130,000USD, 4 for electron with 28,710,000 USD, 22 for machinery with 23,530,000 USD, 8 for light industry with 22,660,000USD, 12 for metallurgy with 17,740,000 USD and 1 for cigarette and tobacco with 12,840,000USD.
　　 The export technology and key part of the facilities as the trade form begins in the middle of 1980’s for Hunan. From 1986 to 1997, there are 391 programs signed the export contracts with the methods of technology permit, technology service, and the whole set of machine, and the total contract value is 470,000,000 USD. The main countries and regions are Bengal, Pakistan, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, HongKong, Taiwan and so on. In 1997, there are 60 exported contracts for technology, and it increases 11 of that in 1991. The value of the contract is 63,290,000 USD, and it increases 83.9% of the 34,410,000USD in 1991.
The cooperation of external economy technology in developing steadily 　　　After the reform policy, the external cooperation on economy and technology is coming to a new stage from the single foreign aid in 28 years ago. It begins the cooperation of contract project, the cooperation of labor, foreign aid, getting aid and using the loan for foreign governments. In 1983, the first foreign Trade Company, Hunan international economy technology Cooperation was founded. At the same time, the first getting aid project, Lingling orange presenting area with 2,200,000 USD free donation from the government of Australia is carried on. From 1983 to 1991, the adding up value for external project contract and the labor cooperation is 46,000,000 USD, and send 1528 persons. There are 61 foreign-aid projects with 22,355,000USD aiding money. Form 1981 to 1991, the adding up value of using of the foreign loan 738,000,000Usd (mixed, discount), 35 programs and use 468,000,000 USD in reality.
　　 From 1992 to 1997, the adding up volume of external project contract and labor cooperation is 269,000,000 USD, and sends 6451 persons. Those are 5.84 times and 5.12 times of those in 9 years ago for each. The adding up volume of using foreign governments’ loan is 265,000,000 USD (mix, discount) with 18 programs, and 524,000,000 USD is used in realistic. The adding up paid back for the loan is 368,000,000 USD, and wins over 56,000,000 USD from foreign countries with 9370000 USD every year. By 1997, there are 18 enterprises get the right of foreign trade, and it increases 17 than that in 1991. The adding up contract value of external project and labor cooperation is 656,000,000 USD and the finished value that is 315,000,000 USD with 7709 person times’ sending out. The win over foreign aid is 79,000,000 USD. The adding up volume foreign loan is 1,002,000,000 USD with 992,000,000 that USD used in realistic. The volume of paying back of the loan is 386,000,000 USD, and wins over 8480000USD of the present money form foreign government.
The provincial organs for external affairs
Foreign affairs office of Hunan government (Tel: 0731-2217163）
Hunan external trade and economy cooperation Department (Tel: 0731-2295060）
Information office of Hunan government (0731-2218440）
Changsha Customs (0731-4449388)
Hunan Provincial tourism bureau （0731-4720346）